School Daze

School Daze Information

School Daze is a 1988 American musical-drama film, written and directed by Spike Lee, and starring Laurence Fishburne, Giancarlo Esposito, and Tisha Campbell-Martin. Based in part on Spike Lee's experiences at Atlanta's Morehouse College, Spelman College and Clark Atlanta University, it is a story about fraternity and sorority members clashing with other students at a historically black college during homecoming weekend. It also touches upon issues of real and perceived racism related to skin tone bias and hair quality within the African-American community. The second feature film by Spike Lee, School Daze was released on February 12, 1988 by Columbia Pictures.

Synopsis

Vaughn "Dap" Dunlap (Laurence Fishburne) is a politically conscious African-American student at Mission College, a leading historically black college whose motto is "Uplift the Race". The college administration is portrayed as inept.

He leads anti-apartheid demonstrations encouraging students and school administrators to divest from South Africa. When his buddies go into town, they find the local boys are not impressed with their activities, but think of them as privileged college boys. Open conflict breaks out between the groups.

He is feuding with Julian Eaves (Giancarlo Esposito) aka Dean Big Brother Almighty of Gamma Phi Gamma Fraternity, Incorporated. This group is characterized as "wannabees", as in "wannabe better than me". The fraternity brothers are preparing for a big college football weekend and Homecoming parties. Meanwhile, Dap's younger cousin, Darrell (Spike Lee), aka "Half-Pint", is a Gamma pledge.

The Gamma women's auxiliary, the Gamma Rays, who are sleek and light-skinned, confront non-Greek black co-eds, particularly over skin color and the nature of their hair. Some of the Rays use contact lens to change eye color.

Cast

Laurence Fishburne "? Vaughn "Dap" Dunlap
Giancarlo Esposito "? Julian (Dean Big Brother Almighty)
Tisha Campbell-Martin "? Jane Toussaint
Kyme "? Rachel Meadows
Joe Seneca "? President McPherson
Ellen Holly "? Odrie McPherson
Art Evans "? Cedar Cloud
Ossie Davis "? Coach Odom
Bill Nunn "? Grady
James Bond III "? Monroe
Branford Marsalis "? Jordam
Kadeem Hardison "? Edge
Eric Payne "? Booker T.
Spike Lee "? Darrell "Half-Pint" Dunlap
Anthony Thompkins "? Doo-Doo Breath
Darryl M. Bell "? Big Brother X-Ray Vision
Joie Lee "? Lizzie Life
Alva Rogers "? Doris Witherspoon
Paula Brown - Miriam
Jasmine Guy "? Dina
Samuel L. Jackson "? Leeds
Cassi Davis - Paula
Phyllis Hyman - Phyllis

Vanessa L. Williams was originally considered for the role of "Jane Toussaint," and Phyllis Yvonne Stickney for the role of "Rachel Meadows." However, due to her recent dethroning from her Miss America title because of controversy over nude photos published in Penthouse (magazine), Williams turned down the role. She cited a sex scene between Jane and Julian (Dean Big Brother Almighty) (which became well known) and said she wanted to distance herself from that image.

Spike Lee was so impressed by Tisha Campbell's singing performance in Little Shop of Horrors (1986) that he cast her for the part of Jane. Stickney left the production over "artistic differences."

Reception

The film received positive reviews for its exploration of issues within the black community. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times noted, "There is no doubt in my mind that "School Daze," in its own way, is one of the most honest and revealing movies I've ever seen about modern middle-class black life in America." He also noted its frank exploration of issues of discrimination within the black community related to skin tone and nature of hair. He said it was significant as a film with a "completely black orientation. All of the characters, good and bad, are black, and all of the character's references are to each other."

Some people resented Lee's portrayal of a dysfunctional black college. Many officials of black colleges and faculty heads attacked the film for its use of racial language, epithets and portrayal of a college in trouble. They objected to "frizzie" and "nappy-headed" as among the words used by the students for each other, referring to their hair. As a result of the film, a couple of colleges excluded Lee from their lecture programs.

Production

Spike Lee arranged for the two groups of actors to stay in separate hotels during filming. The actors playing the "wannabees" were given better accommodations than the ones playing the "jigaboos". This favoritism contributed to tension on the set, which showed in the on-camera animosity between the two camps. (The producers used a similar tactic in filming Animal House, with similar results.) In School Daze, the method approach yielded strong results "? the fight that occurs at the step show between Dap's crew and the Gammas was not in the script. On the day the scene was shot, the fight broke out between the two sides. Lee ordered the cameras to keep rolling.

Officials of Morehouse, Spelman, and Clark Atlanta University asked Lee to stop filming on the campuses before he completed his work because the colleges' Boards of Directors had concerns on how he was portraying the historically black colleges in the film. Lee had to finish filming at the neighboring Morris Brown College.

Though "Mission College," and "Gamma Phi Gamma" were fictional, chapter members of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, the oldest of black fraternities, appears in School Daze.

Influences

Actors in the film were picked for other parts: Three members of the School Daze cast -- Kadeem Hardison, Darryl M. Bell, and Jasmine Guy"?became principal cast members on the Cosby Show spin-off A Different World, a TV series about life at a historically black college. Other School Daze cast members also appeared on A Different World, including Dominic Hoffman, Tisha Campbell-Martin, Art Evans, Guy Killum and Roger Guenveur Smith.

Alva Rogers, a cast member of School Daze, starred in Daughters of the Dust (1992), the first feature film directed by an African-American woman that was distributed theatrically in the United States.

In 2009, the singer Alicia Keys paid homage to School Daze in the music video for her song "Teenage Love Affair." (She imitated scenes including the rally in front of the school building, the pajama party, and the scene where Tisha Campbell and her court perform at coronation.)

Soundtrack

"Da Butt," written by Marcus Miller and Mark Stevens, and performed by the group E.U. (who appear in the film), hit number 1 on Billboard's R&B chart and number 35 on its Pop chart. The School Daze soundtrack also features the song, "Be One," written by Bill Lee and performed by the late Phyllis Hyman, who also appears in the film.