Hugo Information

Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan. Based on Brian Selznick's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret, it tells the story of a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s.

Hugo is Scorsese's first film shot in 3D, of which the filmmaker remarked, "I found 3D to be really interesting, because the actors were more upfront emotionally. Their slightest move, their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely." The film was released in the United States on November 23, 2011.

When it was released, Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations (including Best Picture), more than any other film that year, and won five awards: Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Sound Mixing, Best Sound Editing, and Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs, winning two of the eight, and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards, earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director. Despite this, the film was a commercial failure, grossing $185 million against its $150-$170 million budget.

Plot

In 1931, 12-year-old Hugo Cabret (Asa Butterfield) lives in Paris with his father (Jude Law), a kind, widowed clockmaker who also works part-time at a museum. One day, his father finds a broken automaton - a mechanical man designed to write with a pen - at the museum. He and Hugo try to repair it, with Hugo's father documenting the automaton in a notebook. When his father is killed by a fire at the museum, Hugo is forced to live with his resentful, alcoholic uncle Claude (Ray Winstone), and made to learn how to maintain the clocks at the railway station of Gare Montparnasse. When Claude goes missing for several days, Hugo continues to maintain the clocks, fearing that he would be sent away as an orphan by the vindictive Station Inspector Gustave Dast (Sacha Baron Cohen) if Claude's absence is discovered. Hugo attempts to repair the automaton with stolen parts, believing it contains a message from his father, but the machine still requires a heart-shaped key that his father could not find.

Hugo is caught when stealing from the toy store owner Georges (Ben Kingsley), who looks through his father's notebook and threatens to destroy it. Hugo encounters Georges' goddaughter Isabelle (Chlo Grace Moretz), who offers to help get the notebook back. Hugo learns Georges has forbidden Isabelle from going to the cinema, and introduces the medium to her as his father had done for him. As their friendship grows, he shows her the automaton, and is astonished when Isabelle inadvertently reveals she wears the key as a necklace given to her by Georges. When started, the machine draws out a scene that Hugo recognizes from his father's description of the film A Trip to the Moon. Isabelle identifies the signature, that of a "Georges Mlis", as her godfather. She sneaks Hugo into her home, where they find a hidden cache of more imaginative drawings of Mlis, but are caught by Georges, who banishes Hugo from his home.

Hugo and Isabelle go to the Film Academy Library and find a book about the history of cinema that praises Mlis' contributions. They meet the book's author, Ren Tabard (Michael Stuhlbarg), a film expert who is surprised to hear that Mlis might still be alive, as he had disappeared after World War I along with nearly all copies of his films. Excited at the chance to meet him, Ren agrees to meet Isabelle and Hugo at Georges' home to show his copy of A Trip to the Moon, hoping it will invigorate Georges.

The next day, Hugo discovers that the key has somehow found its way onto the railway tracks in the station. As he drops onto the track to retrieve it, he is suddenly hit by and killed by an uncontrollable train that eventually smashes through the walls of the station. Hugo wakes up to discover that the harrowing events were just a nightmare. After noticing that a pocket watch hanging from the rafters of his home is missing, Hugo can still hear an ominous ticking emanating from near him. When he realises that the sound is coming from near his chest, he pulls up his shirt and is horrified to discover that overnight, his torso has been filled with uncovered hydraulics which seem to be what keeps Hugo alive. As he tests his limbs, they too become purely mechanical. When his head turns to metal, he discovers he is turning into his own automaton. As the final stages of the transformation end - his hair and eyeballs disappearing and his face forming into that of his automaton - Hugo wakes up again to discover that this was yet another nightmare, possibly and disturbingly symbolising Hugo"?s belief of all beings having a sole purpose in life.

On the scheduled night, Georges' wife Jeanne (Helen McCrory) tries to turn them away, but Ren compliments Jeanne as Jeanne d'Alcy, an actress in many of Mlis' films, and she allows them to continue. As the film plays, Georges wakes up at the sight, and Jeanne finally convinces him to cherish his accomplishments rather than regret his lost dream. Georges recounts that as a stage magician, he had been fascinated by motion pictures, and used the medium to create imaginative works through his Star Film Company, but was forced into bankruptcy following the war, closing his studio and selling his films to be turned into raw materials. He laments that even an automaton he made that he donated to a museum was lost. Hugo recognizes this is the same automaton he has, and races to the station to retrieve it. He is caught by Gustave, who has learned that Claude's body was found some time ago, and threatens to take Hugo to the orphanage. Georges arrives and tells Gustave that he will now see to Hugo, adopting him as his son.

Some time later, Georges is named a professor at the Film Academy, and is paid tribute through a showcase of his films recovered by Ren. Hugo joins in with his new family as they celebrate at the apartment, where the guests include a mellower Gustave who has a new leg brace is clearly in love with Lisette (Emily Mortimer), flower seller at the station. As the movie ends, Isabelle starts to write down Hugo's story and the automaton is shown in Hugo's new room, staring into space.

Cast

• Asa Butterfield as Hugo Cabret
• Chlo Grace Moretz as Isabelle
• Ben Kingsley as Georges Mlis / Papa Georges
• Sacha Baron Cohen as Inspector Gustave Dast
• Ray Winstone as Claude Cabret
• Emily Mortimer as Lisette
• Jude Law as Mr. Cabret
• Helen McCrory as Jehanne D'Alcy / Mama Jeanne
• Michael Stuhlbarg as Ren Tabard
• Christopher Lee as Monsieur Labisse
• Frances de la Tour as Madame Emile
• Richard Griffiths as Monsieur Frick
• Kevin Eldon as policeman
• Gulliver McGrath as young Tabard
• Angus Barnett as a cinema manager
• Ben Addis as Salvador Dal
• Emil Lager as Django Reinhardt
• Robert Gill as James Joyce

Michael Pitt, Martin Scorsese, and Brian Selznick have cameo roles.

Production

Pre-production

GK Films acquired the screen rights to The Invention of Hugo Cabret shortly after the book was published in 2007. Initially, Chris Wedge was signed in to direct the adaptation and John Logan was contracted to write the screenplay. The film was initially titled Hugo Cabret. Several actors were hired, including Ben Kingsley, Sacha Baron Cohen, Asa Butterfield, Chlo Grace Moretz, and Helen McCrory. Jude Law, Ray Winstone, Christopher Lee, Frances de la Tour, and Richard Griffiths later joined the project. Hugo was originally budgeted at $100 million, but ran over with a final budget between $156 million and $170 million. In February 2012, Graham King summed up his experience of producing Hugo: "Let's just say that it hasn't been an easy few months for me"?there's been a lot of Ambien involved".

Filming

Production began in London on June 29, 2010; the first shooting location was at the Shepperton Studios. The Nene Valley Railway near Peterborough also lent their original Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits rolling stock to the studio.

In August 2010, production moved to Paris for two weeks. Locations included the Sainte-Genevive Library, the Sorbonne (where a lecture hall was converted into a 1930s cinema hall) in the 5th arrondissement, and the Thtre de l'Athne and its surrounding area in the 9th. High school Lyce Louis-le-Grand served as the film's base of operations in Paris; its cafeteria served 700 meals a day for the cast and crew.

Music

The film's soundtrack includes an Oscar-nominated original score composed by Howard Shore, and also makes prominent use of the Danse macabre by Camille Saint-Sans and Gnossienne No. 1 by Erik Satie. Additional music was provided uncredited by French pianist and composer Jean-Michel Bernard

Release

The film was theatrically released on November 23, 2011, by Paramount Pictures, premiered at the NYFF on October 10, 2011, and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 28, 2012, by Paramount Home Entertainment.

Historical references

The backstory and primary features of Georges Mlis' life as depicted in the film are largely accurate: He became interested in film after seeing a demonstration of the Lumire brothers' camera; he was a magician and toymaker; he experimented with automata; he owned a theatre (Theatre Robert-Houdin); he was forced into bankruptcy; his film stock was reportedly melted down for its celluloid; he became a toy salesman at the Montparnasse station, and he was eventually awarded the Lgion d'honneur medal after a period of terrible neglect. Many of the early silent films shown in the movie are Mlis's actual works, such as Le voyage dans la lune (1902). However, the film does not mention Mlis' two children, his brother Gaston (who worked with Mlis during his film-making career), or his first wife Eugnie, who was married to Mlis during the time he made films (and who died in 1913). The film shows Mlis married to Jeanne d'Alcy during their filmmaking period, when in reality they did not marry until 1925.

The automaton's design was inspired by the Maillardet's automaton made by the Swiss watchmaker Henri Maillardet, which Selznick had seen in the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, as well as the Jaquet-Droz automaton "the writer". A portion of the scene with Harold Lloyd in Safety Last! (1923), hanging from the clock, is shown when the main characters sneak into a movie theater. Later, Hugo, like Lloyd in Safety Last!, hangs from the hands of a large clock on a clock tower to escape from a pursuer.

Several viewings of the film L'Arrive d'un train en gare de La Ciotat are portrayed, depicting the shocked reaction of the audience"?although this view is in doubt.

Emil Lager, Ben Addis, and Robert Gill make cameo appearances as the father of Gypsy jazz guitar, Django Reinhardt, the Spanish surrealist painter, Salvador Dal, and the Irish writer James Joyce, respectively. The names of all three characters appear towards the end of the film's cast credit list.

The book that Monsieur Labisse gives Hugo as a gift, Robin Hood le proscrit (Robin Hood the outlaw), was written by Alexandre Dumas in 1864 as a French translation of an 1838 work by Pierce Egan the Younger in England. The book is symbolic, as Hugo must avoid the "righteous" law enforcement (Inspector Gustave) to live in the station and later to restore the automaton both to a functioning status and to its rightful owner. The particular copy given to Hugo looks like the 1917 English-language edition (David McKay publisher, Philadelphia, United States) with cover and interior illustrations by N.C. Wyeth, but with "Le Proscrit" added to the cover by the prop department. There is also a depiction of the Montparnasse derailment, when at 4 pm on 22 October 1895, the Granville-Paris Express overran the buffer stop at its Gare Montparnasse terminus.

Reception

Box office performance

Hugo earned $15.4 million over its Thanksgiving weekend debut. It went on to earn US$73,864,507 domestically and $111,905,653 overseas, for a worldwide gross of $185,770,160. Despite praise from critics, Hugo was cited as one of the year's notable box-office flops. Its perceived failure was due to competition with Disney's The Muppets and Summit's Breaking Dawn Part 1. The film was estimated to have had a net loss of $100 million. Producer Graham King said that the film's box-office results were painful. "There's no finger-pointing"?I'm the producer and I take the responsibility," he said. "Budget-wise, there just wasn't enough prep time and no one really realized how complicated doing a 3D film was going to be. I went through three line-producers because no one knew exactly what was going on. Do I still think it's a masterpiece that will be talked about in 20 years? Yes. But once the schedule started getting out of whack, things just spiraled and spiraled and that's when the avalanche began."

Critical reception

The film currently holds a 94% "Certified Fresh" rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes based on 213 reviews, with an average score of 8.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Hugo is an extravagant, elegant fantasy with an innocence lacking in many modern kids' movies, and one that emanates an unabashed love for the magic of cinema." Metacritic gave the film an average score of 83 out of 100, based on 41 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars, saying that the film "...is unlike any other film Martin Scorsese has ever made, and yet possibly the closest to his heart: a big-budget, family epic in 3-D, and in some ways, a mirror of his own life. We feel a great artist has been given command of the tools and resources he needs to make a movie about"?movies." Peter Rainer of The Christian Science Monitor gave it a "B+" grade and termed it as "an odd mixture: a deeply personal impersonal movie" and concluded that "Hugo is a mixed bag but one well worth rummaging through." Christy Lemire said that the film had an "abundant love of the power of film; being a hardcore cinephile (like Scorsese) might add a layer of enjoyment, but it certainly isn't a prerequisite for walking in the door" besides being "slightly repetitive and overlong". Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune give it three stars and described it as "rich and stimulating even when it wanders," explaining "every locale in Scorsese's vision of 1931 Paris looks and feels like another planet. The filmmaker embraces storybook artifice as wholeheartedly as he relays the tale's lessons in the importance of film preservation." Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal said that Hugo "visually [...] is a marvel, but dramatically it's a clockwork lemon".

Hugo was selected for the Royal Film Performance 2011 with a screening at the Odeon, Leicester Square, in London on 28 November 2011 in the presence of the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall in support of the Cinema and Television Benevolent Fund. Richard Corliss of Time named it one of the Top 10 Best Movies of 2011, saying that "Scorsese's love poem, rendered gorgeously in 3-D, restores both the reputation of an early pioneer and the glory of movie history"?the birth of a popular art form given new life through a master's application of the coolest new techniques". James Cameron called Hugo "a masterpiece" and that the film "had the best use of 3D [he] had seen," surpassing even his own acclaimed films.

Top-ten lists

The film appeared on the following critics' lists of the top-ten films of 2011:

Critic	Publication	Rank
David Denby	The New Yorker	1st
Sean Hobbit	Freelance	1st
Elizabeth Weitzman	New York Daily News	1st
Harry Knowles	Aint It Cool News	1st
Shawn Levy	The Oregonian (Portland)	1st
Glenn Kenny	MSN Movies	2nd
Peter Hartlaub	San Francisco Chronicle	2nd
Richard Corliss	Time	2nd
Roger Ebert	Chicago Sun-Times	4th
Lisa Schwarzbaum	Entertainment Weekly	4th
Peter Paras	E! Online	5th
	MTV	5th
Todd McCarthy	The Hollywood Reporter	6th
Peter Travers	Rolling Stone	6th
	TV Guide	7th
J. Hoberman	The Village Voice	8th
Noel Murray	The A.V. Club	9th
Mark Kermode	BBC Radio 5 Live	9th
Kim Morgan	MSN Movies	9th
Keith Phipps	A.V. Club	9th
Sean Axmaker	MSN Movies	10th
Glenn Heath Jr.	Slant Magazine	10th
Jeff Simon	The Buffalo News
Manohla Dargis	The New York Times
Phillip French	The Observer

Accolades

List of awards and nominations
Award / Film Festival	Date of Ceremony	Category	Recipient(s)	Result
Academy Awards	26 February 2012	Best Picture	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Adapted Screenplay	John Logan
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Original Score	Howard Shore
		Best Art Direction	Art Direction: Dante Ferretti; Set Decoration: Francesca Lo Schiavo
		Best Costume Design	Sandy Powell
		Best Visual Effects	Robert Legato, Joss Williams, Ben Grossmann, and Alex Henning
		Best Film Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
		Best Sound Editing	Philip Stockton and Eugene Gearty
		Best Sound Mixing	Tom Fleischman and John Midgley
Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences Awards	December 5, 2012	Best Foreign Film	Graham King, Timothy Headington, Martin Scorsese, and Johnny Depp
Alliance of Women Film Journalists	10 January 2012	Best Picture	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Adapted Screenplay	John Logan
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
American Society of Cinematographers	12 February 2012	Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in a Feature Film	Robert Richardson
Art Directors Guild	4 February 2012	Period Film	Dante Ferretti
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards	27 January 2012	Best Film - International	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Direction - International	Martin Scorsese
Boston Society of Film Critics Award	11 December 2011	Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
British Academy Film Awards	12 February 2012	Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Original Score	Howard Shore
		Best Sound	Philip Stockton, Eugene Gearty, Tom Fleischman, and John Midgley
		Best Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
		Best Production Design	Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo
		Best Costume Design	Sandy Powell
		Best Makeup and Hair	Morag Ross and Jan Archibald
Critics' Choice Awards	12 January 2012	Best Picture	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Young Actor/Actress	Asa Butterfield
		Best Adapted Screenplay	John Logan
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
		Best Production Design/Art Direction	Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo
		Best Score	Howard Shore
		Best Costume Design	Sandy Powell
		Best Visual Effects	Robert Legato
		Best Sound	Philip Stockton, Eugene Gearty, Tom Fleischman, and John Midgley
Chicago Film Critics Association	7 January 2012	Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Original Score	Howard Shore
David di Donatello Awards	4 May 2012	Best Foreign Film	Hugo
Detroit Film Critics Society	16 December 2011	Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
Florida Film Critics Circle Awards	19 December 2011	Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Production Design/Art Direction	Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo
Golden Globe Awards	15 January 2012	Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Motion Picture - Drama	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Original Score	Howard Shore
Golden Trailer Awards	31 May 2012	Best Animation/Family	"Imagine"
		Best Animation/Family TV Spot	Hugo
Grammy Awards	10 February 2013	Best Score Soundtrack For Visual Media	Howard Shore
Hugo Awards	2 September 2012	Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form	Martin Scorsese and John Logan
Indiana Film Critics Association		Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Musical Score	Howard Shore
Las Vegas Film Critics Society	13 December 2011	Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Family Film	Hugo
		Best Film Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
		Best Youth in Film	Asa Butterfield
National Board of Review		Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
New York Film Critics Circle Award	29 November 2011	Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
Online Film Critics Society Awards	2 January 2012	Best Picture	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
Phoenix Film Critics Society	27 December 2011	Best Picture	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Adapted Screenplay	John Logan
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Production Design	Dante Ferretti
		Best Costume Design	Sandy Powell
		Best Visual Effects	Robert Legato
		Best Live Action Family Film	Hugo
Ray Bradbury Award	18 May 2013	Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation	Martin Scorsese and John Logan
Satellite Awards	19 December 2011	Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Art Direction and Production Design	Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Visual Effects	Robert Legato
San Diego Film Critics Society Awards	14 December 2011	Best Production Design	Dante Ferretti
		Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Adapted Screenplay	John Logan
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
		Best Score	Howard Shore
Saturn Awards	20 June 2012	Best Fantasy Film	Hugo
		Best Actor	Ben Kingsley
		Best Performance by a Younger Actor	Asa Butterfield
			Chlo Grace Moretz
		Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Writing	John Logan
		Best Music	Howard Shore
		Best Costume	Sandy Powell
		Best Production Design	Dante Ferretti
		Best Editing	Thelma Schoonmaker
Visual Effects Society Awards	February 7, 2012	Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Feature Motion Picture	Ben Grossmann, Alex Henning, Rob Legato, Karen Murphy
		Outstanding Models in a Feature Motion Picture	Scott Beverly for "Train Crash"
		Outstanding Virtual Cinematography in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture	Martin Chamney, Rob Legato, Adam Watkins, Fabio Zangla
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards	5 December 2011	Best Director	Martin Scorsese
		Best Art Direction	Dante Derretti
		Best Film	Graham King and Martin Scorsese
		Best Acting Ensemble	Hugo
		Best Adapted Screenplay	John Logan
		Best Cinematography	Robert Richardson
		Best Score	Howard Shore
World Soundtrack Academy	20 October 2012	Best Original Score of the Year	Howard Shore
		Soundtrack Composer of the Year
Young Artist Awards	6 May 2012	Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actor	Asa Butterfield
		Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actress	Chlo Grace Moretz