Charmian London Biography

Charmian Kittredge London (November 27, 1871 in Wilmington, California - January 14, 1955 in Glen Ellen, California) was an American writer and second wife of Jack London.

Early life and education

Charmian Kittridge was born to poet Dayelle "Daisy" Wiley and California hotelier Willard Kittredge in a suburb south of Los Angeles. In 1877, after her mother died when she was six years old, Charmian's father sent her to Berkeley, California. She was raised by her aunt, Ninetta "Netta" Wiley Eames and husband Roscoe Eames, who had no children of their own and were editors of the journal, Overland Monthly. Charmian studied music, becoming an accomplished pianist and developed a good singing voice. She enjoyed horseback riding through the hills at a time when few women rode. Socially and intellectually ambitious, she strived to improve herself, and earned money for a trip through Europe. Her education at Mills College included lessons in stenography and typing, which served her through her working life. At Mills, she earned her way as secretary to its President, Mrs. Susan L. Mills.

Marriage and writing career

Jack London met Charmian in March 1900 on a visit to the Eames' about publishing his writings. Four years later, he divorced his first wife Bess Maddern who had two children by him, Joan and Bess. The new couple married in Chicago on November 19, 1905. Biographer Russ Kingman called Charmian "Jack's soul-mate, always at his side, and a perfect match."

Jack died in 1916, bequeathing nearly his entire estate to Charmian and leaving token amounts to his first wife and their children. Charmian and Jack had no children who survived them. A daughter, Joy, died soon after birth and another pregnancy ended in miscarriage. Following Jack's death, Charmian committed herself to saving their home at Beauty Ranch by selling publication rights to London's works and contracting screenplay rights with filmmakers.

Charmian London wrote three major autobiographical works about her life with Jack London: The Log of the Snark (1915), Our Hawaii (1917), and The Book of Jack London (two volumes) (1921). She also wrote prefaces to his writings that were published posthumously, including Dutch Courage and Other Stories (1922).

Her writings about London are considered by scholars to be an important but sometimes flawed source of biographical information. Clarice Stasz, author of a recent book about their relationship, calls it "an uneven account that omits Jack's illegitimacy, yet has surprisingly frank information nonetheless concerning his personality."

Later life

Shortly after her husband's death, Charmian had an affair with Harry Houdini. A PBS source cites a Houdini biographer, saying: </ref>}}

Charmian London died in 1955, at the age of 83. Her ashes rest beside her husband Jack's under the rock that marks their grave near Glen Ellen, California at Jack London State Historic Park.